/ast-grep

name: ast-grep
description: "Searches and rewrites code by AST shape across 25 languages. Use when the target is a syntax pattern (every call/class/import shaped like X, a codemod, a YAML rule) rather than literal text; for plain strings, comments, or filenames, use rg."

ast-grep

`sg` (also installed as `ast-grep`) is an **AST-aware search and rewrite tool** across 25 languages. It treats your pattern as code, parses it the same way it parses your project, and matches structurally. It is the right tool whenever your question depends on **code shape** rather than text bytes.

This skill ships a Python wrapper at `scripts/ast_grep_helper.py` and platform install scripts at `install.sh` (POSIX) and `install.ps1` (Windows). The helper adds offline pattern validation, the two-pass write trick, and binary auto-resolution. Use it as your default entry point.

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OmO native: the ast-grep MCP tools (fastest path, no CLI needed)

OmO native also registers a bundled ast-grep MCP server. Its three tools are **deferred**: they are absent from the resident tool list and activate automatically the first time you call them by name — no `tool_search` round trip needed.

• `mcp__ast_grep_search({ pattern, language, paths })` — AST-shape search, the MCP equivalent of `sg run -p`. Prefer this over shelling out to `sg` for one-off lookups: no install, no PATH issues.
• `mcp__ast_grep_rewrite({ pattern, rewrite, language, paths, apply })` — preview matches (`apply: false`, the default) or apply the rewrite (`apply: true`). Same two-pass discipline as `sg run -r`: preview first, then apply.
• `mcp__ast_grep_scan({ paths })` — run project YAML rules (`sgconfig.yml`, `rules/`), the MCP equivalent of `sg scan`.

Same pattern language as the CLI: `$VAR` matches one AST node, `$$$VAR` matches zero or more, and the pattern is code, not regex. `paths` accepts a file or directory list; `language` is required for patterns that are ambiguous across languages.

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When to use this skill

Use it whenever the user's question is about **code structure**, not bytes:

• "Find every function that takes a `Request` parameter."
• "Rewrite every `console.log(x)` to `logger.info(x)`."
• "Strip every `as any` cast."
• "Replace `require(...)` with `import` across the repo."
• "Find empty catch blocks."
• "Migrate `Optional[X]` to `X | None`."
• "Apply this codemod across these 200 files."
• "Run our YAML lint rules and surface violations."

Switch to plain `grep` / `rg` when the question is text-shaped (string literal contents, comments, license headers, file names, cross-language regex). When in doubt, ask: "does the answer depend on the language's syntax tree, or just on the file's bytes?" If the former, ast-grep. If the latter, grep.

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Three things the agent must internalize

1. ast-grep is NOT regex

The wildcards are `$VAR` (one AST node) and `$$$` (zero or more nodes). Regex syntax fails silently:

| You wrote | What ast-grep saw | What you wanted | |---|---|---| | `foo\|bar` | bitwise-or of `foo` and `bar` | run two separate searches | | `.*foo` | not parseable | `$$$ foo` (if `$$$` is a list of nodes) or use `rg` | | `\w+` | not parseable | `$VAR` to capture any identifier | | `[a-z]` | character class, not parseable | switch to `rg` |

The full anti-pattern table is in `references/pitfalls.md` §1. The helper's `validate` subcommand catches these mechanically — call it before debugging "no matches" by hand.

2. Patterns must be valid code

The pattern itself must parse. `def $FN($$$):` fails because the trailing `:` makes it incomplete; use `def $FN($$$)`. `function $NAME` without params/body fails; use `function $NAME($$$) { $$$ }`. Full table per language in `references/pitfalls.md` §2.

3. `--update-all` and `--json` are mutually exclusive (silently)

This is the single biggest gotcha when scripting. `sg run -p P -r R --json --update-all` returns the JSON but **does not mutate files**. To both preview AND apply, run **two passes**:

sg run -p P -r R --json=compact .   # pass 1: see what would change
sg run -p P -r R --update-all .     # pass 2: actually apply

The helper does this automatically when you call `replace --apply`. Read `references/pitfalls.md` §9.

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The helper script — `scripts/ast_grep_helper.py`

A single-file Python 3 stdlib wrapper. Same on every OS. The agent's default entry point.

`search` — find all matches of a pattern

python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py search 'console.log($MSG)' --lang ts src/

Validates the pattern offline first. If the pattern looks like regex (`\w`, `.*`, `|`, etc.) the helper exits with a hint and never calls `sg` — saves a round-trip. Pass `--force` to skip validation.

Flags:

• `--lang ts` (or any of the 25 languages; aliases like `js`, `py`, `rs`, `kt` accepted)
• `--globs '!**/*.test.ts'` (repeatable; prefix `!` to exclude)
• `-C 3` (context lines)
• `--json-out` (raw JSON instead of human format)

`replace` — rewrite by pattern, dry-run by default

# Dry-run preview (default — no files mutated)
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py replace 'console.log($MSG)' 'logger.info($MSG)' --lang ts src/

# Actually apply
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py replace 'console.log($MSG)' 'logger.info($MSG)' --lang ts src/ --apply

The helper: 1. Validates both `pattern` and `rewrite` for hint-detectable mistakes. 2. Runs pass 1 with `--json=compact` to collect matches and show a preview. 3. If `--apply` is set, runs pass 2 with `--update-all` to mutate files.

`scan` — run YAML rules

# Discover sgconfig.yml from cwd and run all rules
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py scan src/

# Run a single rule file
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py scan -r rules/no-console.yml src/

# Apply auto-fixes
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py scan -U src/

# CI-friendly GitHub annotations
python3 scripts/ast_grep_helper.py scan --report-style short src/

`validate` — offline pattern check (no `sg`