/data-quality-frameworks

name: data-quality-frameworks
description: Implement data quality validation with Great Expectations, dbt tests, and data contracts. Use when building data quality pipelines, implementing validation rules, or establishing data contracts.

Data Quality Frameworks

Production patterns for implementing data quality with Great Expectations, dbt tests, and data contracts to ensure reliable data pipelines.

When to Use This Skill

• Implementing data quality checks in pipelines
• Setting up Great Expectations validation
• Building comprehensive dbt test suites
• Establishing data contracts between teams
• Monitoring data quality metrics
• Automating data validation in CI/CD

Core Concepts

1. Data Quality Dimensions

| Dimension | Description | Example Check | | ---------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- | | **Completeness** | No missing values | `expect_column_values_to_not_be_null` | | **Uniqueness** | No duplicates | `expect_column_values_to_be_unique` | | **Validity** | Values in expected range | `expect_column_values_to_be_in_set` | | **Accuracy** | Data matches reality | Cross-reference validation | | **Consistency** | No contradictions | `expect_column_pair_values_A_to_be_greater_than_B` | | **Timeliness** | Data is recent | `expect_column_max_to_be_between` |

2. Testing Pyramid for Data

          /\
         /  \     Integration Tests (cross-table)
        /────\
       /      \   Unit Tests (single column)
      /────────\
     /          \ Schema Tests (structure)
    /────────────\

Quick Start

Great Expectations Setup

# Install
pip install great_expectations

# Initialize project
great_expectations init

# Create datasource
great_expectations datasource new

# great_expectations/checkpoints/daily_validation.yml
import great_expectations as gx

# Create context
context = gx.get_context()

# Create expectation suite
suite = context.add_expectation_suite("orders_suite")

# Add expectations
suite.add_expectation(
    gx.expectations.ExpectColumnValuesToNotBeNull(column="order_id")
)
suite.add_expectation(
    gx.expectations.ExpectColumnValuesToBeUnique(column="order_id")
)

# Validate
results = context.run_checkpoint(checkpoint_name="daily_orders")

Detailed patterns and worked examples

Detailed pattern documentation lives in `references/details.md`. Read that file when the navigation tier above is insufficient.

Summary: {total_passed}/{total_tables} tables passed")

report.append("")

for table, result in results.items(): status = "✅" if result.passed else "❌" report.append(f"### {status} {table}") report.append(f"- Expectations: {result.total_expectations}") report.append(f"- Failed: {result.failed_expectations}")

if not result.passed: report.append("- Failed checks:") for detail in result.details: if not detail["success"]: report.append(f" - {detail['expectation']}: {detail['observed_value']}") report.append("")

return "\n".join(report)

Usage

context = gx.get_context() pipeline = DataQualityPipeline(context)

tables_to_validate = { "orders": "orders_suite", "customers": "customers_suite", "products": "products_suite", }

results = pipeline.run_all(tables_to_validate) report = pipeline.generate_report(results)

Fail pipeline if any table failed

if not all(r.passed for r in results.values()): print(report) raise ValueError("Data quality checks failed!")

## Best Practices

### Do's

- **Test early** - Validate source data before transformations
- **Test incrementally** - Add tests as you find issues
- **Document expectations** - Clear descriptions for each test
- **Alert on failures** - Integrate with monitoring
- **Version contracts** - Track schema changes

### Don'ts

- **Don't test everything** - Focus on critical columns
- **Don't ignore warnings** - They often precede failures
- **Don't skip freshness** - Stale data is bad data
- **Don't hardcode thresholds** - Use dynamic baselines
- **Don't test in isolation** - Test relationships too