/nuxt-server

name: nuxt-server
description: "| Nuxt 4 server-side development with Nitro: API routes, server middleware, database integration, and backend patterns. Use when: creating server API routes, implementing server middleware, integrating databases (D1, PostgreSQL, Drizzle), handling file uploads, implementing WebSockets, or building backend logic with Nitro."
license: MIT
metadata:
  version: 4.0.0
  author: Claude Skills Maintainers
  category: Framework
  framework: Nuxt
  framework-version: 4.x
  last-verified: 2025-12-28
  keywords:
    - server routes
    - API routes
    - Nitro
    - defineEventHandler
    - getRouterParam
    - getQuery
    - readBody
    - setCookie
    - createError
    - server middleware
    - D1
    - Drizzle
    - PostgreSQL
    - WebSocket
    - file upload

Nuxt 4 Server Development

Server routes, API patterns, and backend development with Nitro.

Quick Reference

File-Based Server Routes

server/
├── api/                      # API endpoints (/api/*)
│   ├── users/
│   │   ├── index.get.ts      → GET  /api/users
│   │   ├── index.post.ts     → POST /api/users
│   │   ├── [id].get.ts       → GET  /api/users/:id
│   │   ├── [id].put.ts       → PUT  /api/users/:id
│   │   └── [id].delete.ts    → DELETE /api/users/:id
│   └── health.get.ts         → GET  /api/health
├── routes/                   # Non-API routes
│   └── sitemap.xml.get.ts    → GET  /sitemap.xml
├── middleware/               # Server middleware
│   └── auth.ts               # Runs on every request
├── plugins/                  # Nitro plugins
│   └── database.ts           # Initialize database
└── utils/                    # Server utilities
    └── db.ts                 # Database helpers

HTTP Method Suffixes

| Suffix | HTTP Method | |--------|-------------| | `.get.ts` | GET | | `.post.ts` | POST | | `.put.ts` | PUT | | `.patch.ts` | PATCH | | `.delete.ts` | DELETE | | `.ts` | All methods |

When to Load References

**Load `references/server.md` when:**

• Implementing complex API routes
• Handling authentication and sessions
• Working with cookies and headers
• Building file upload endpoints
• Understanding Nitro internals

**Load `references/database-patterns.md` when:**

• Integrating Cloudflare D1 with Drizzle
• Setting up PostgreSQL connections
• Implementing database migrations
• Building query patterns

**Load `references/websocket-patterns.md` when:**

• Implementing real-time features
• Building WebSocket endpoints
• Using Durable Objects for state

Basic Event Handler

// server/api/users/index.get.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Return data (automatically serialized to JSON)
  return {
    users: [
      { id: 1, name: 'John' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Jane' }
    ]
  }
})

Request Utilities

URL Parameters

// server/api/users/[id].get.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const id = getRouterParam(event, 'id')

  if (!id) {
    throw createError({
      statusCode: 400,
      message: 'User ID is required'
    })
  }

  return { id }
})

Query Parameters

// GET /api/users?page=1&limit=10&search=john
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const query = getQuery(event)

  const page = Number(query.page) || 1
  const limit = Number(query.limit) || 10
  const search = query.search as string | undefined

  return { page, limit, search }
})

Request Body

// server/api/users/index.post.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const body = await readBody(event)

  // Validate body
  if (!body.name || !body.email) {
    throw createError({
      statusCode: 400,
      message: 'Name and email are required'
    })
  }

  // Create user...
  return { success: true, user: { id: 1, ...body } }
})

Headers

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Read headers
  const authHeader = getHeader(event, 'authorization')
  const contentType = getHeader(event, 'content-type')

  // Set response headers
  setHeader(event, 'X-Custom-Header', 'value')
  setHeader(event, 'Cache-Control', 'max-age=3600')

  return { authHeader, contentType }
})

Response Utilities

Setting Status Code

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Set status code
  setResponseStatus(event, 201)  // Created

  return { message: 'Resource created' }
})

Redirects

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Redirect
  return sendRedirect(event, '/new-location', 302)
})

Error Handling

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const id = getRouterParam(event, 'id')

  const user = await findUser(id)

  if (!user) {
    throw createError({
      statusCode: 404,
      statusMessage: 'Not Found',
      message: `User with ID ${id} not found`
    })
  }

  return user
})

Cookies

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Read cookie
  const sessionId = getCookie(event, 'session_id')

  // Set cookie
  setCookie(event, 'session_id', 'abc123', {
    httpOnly: true,
    secure: true,
    sameSite: 'lax',
    maxAge: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7  // 1 week
  })

  // Delete cookie
  deleteCookie(event, 'old_cookie')

  return { sessionId }
})

Server Middleware

// server/middleware/auth.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  // Skip for public routes
  const publicRoutes = ['/api/auth/login', '/api/health']
  if (publicRoutes.includes(event.path)) {
    return  // Continue to next handler
  }

  // Check authentication
  const token = getHeader(event, 'authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')

  if (!token) {
    throw createError({
      statusCode: 401,
      message: 'Authentication required'
    })
  }

  // Verify token and attach user to context
  const user = await verifyToken(token)
  event.context.user = user
})

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