/supabase

name: supabase
description: Core Supabase CLI, migrations, RLS, Edge Functions
when-to-use: When working with Supabase - database, auth, storage, or edge functions
user-invocable: false
paths: ["supabase/**", "**/supabase.*", "**/.env*"]
effort: medium

Supabase Core Skill

Core concepts, CLI workflow, and patterns common to all Supabase projects.

**Sources:** [Supabase Docs](https://supabase.com/docs) | [Supabase CLI](https://supabase.com/docs/guides/local-development/cli/getting-started)

---

Core Principle

**Local-first, migrations in version control, never touch production directly.**

Develop locally with the Supabase CLI, capture all changes as migrations, and deploy through CI/CD.

---

Supabase Stack

| Service | Purpose | |---------|---------| | **Database** | PostgreSQL with extensions | | **Auth** | User authentication, OAuth providers | | **Storage** | File storage with RLS | | **Edge Functions** | Serverless Deno functions | | **Realtime** | WebSocket subscriptions | | **Vector** | AI embeddings (pgvector) |

---

CLI Setup

Install & Login

# macOS
brew install supabase/tap/supabase

# npm (alternative)
npm install -g supabase

# Login
supabase login

Initialize Project

# In your project directory
supabase init

# Creates:
# supabase/
# ├── config.toml      # Local config
# ├── seed.sql         # Seed data
# └── migrations/      # SQL migrations

Link to Remote

# Get project ref from dashboard URL: https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/<ref>
supabase link --project-ref <project-id>

# Pull existing schema
supabase db pull

Start Local Stack

supabase start

# Output:
# API URL: http://localhost:54321
# GraphQL URL: http://localhost:54321/graphql/v1
# DB URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:54322/postgres
# Studio URL: http://localhost:54323
# Anon key: eyJ...
# Service role key: eyJ...

---

Migration Workflow

Option 1: Dashboard + Diff (Quick Prototyping)

# 1. Make changes in local Studio (localhost:54323)
# 2. Generate migration from diff
supabase db diff -f <migration_name>

# 3. Review generated SQL
cat supabase/migrations/*_<migration_name>.sql

# 4. Reset to test
supabase db reset

Option 2: Write Migrations Directly (Recommended)

# 1. Create empty migration
supabase migration new create_users_table

# 2. Edit the migration file
# supabase/migrations/<timestamp>_create_users_table.sql

# 3. Apply locally
supabase db reset

Option 3: ORM Migrations (Best DX)

Use Drizzle (TypeScript) or SQLAlchemy (Python) - see framework-specific skills.

Deploy Migrations

# Push to remote (staging/production)
supabase db push

# Check migration status
supabase migration list

---

Database Patterns

Enable RLS on All Tables

-- Always enable RLS
ALTER TABLE public.profiles ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Default deny - must create policies
CREATE POLICY "Users can view own profile"
  ON public.profiles
  FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

Common RLS Policies

-- Public read
CREATE POLICY "Public read access"
  ON public.posts FOR SELECT
  USING (true);

-- Authenticated users only
CREATE POLICY "Authenticated users can insert"
  ON public.posts FOR INSERT
  WITH CHECK (auth.role() = 'authenticated');

-- Owner access
CREATE POLICY "Users can update own records"
  ON public.posts FOR UPDATE
  USING (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Admin access (using custom claim)
CREATE POLICY "Admins have full access"
  ON public.posts FOR ALL
  USING (auth.jwt() ->> 'role' = 'admin');

Link to auth.users

-- Profile table linked to auth
CREATE TABLE public.profiles (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES auth.users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  username TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  avatar_url TEXT,
  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
);

-- Auto-create profile on signup
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
BEGIN
  INSERT INTO public.profiles (id, username)
  VALUES (NEW.id, NEW.email);
  RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;

CREATE TRIGGER on_auth_user_created
  AFTER INSERT ON auth.users
  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user();

---

Seed Data

supabase/seed.sql

-- Runs on `supabase db reset`
-- Use ON CONFLICT for idempotency

INSERT INTO public.profiles (id, username, avatar_url)
VALUES
  ('d0e1f2a3-b4c5-6d7e-8f9a-0b1c2d3e4f5a', 'testuser', null),
  ('a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d', 'admin', null)
ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING;

---

Environment Variables

Required Variables

# Public (safe for client-side)
SUPABASE_URL=https://xxxxx.supabase.co
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=eyJ...

# Private (server-side only - NEVER expose)
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=eyJ...
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres.[ref]:[password]@aws-0-region.pooler.supabase.com:6543/postgres

Local vs Production

# .env.local (local development)
SUPABASE_URL=http://localhost:54321
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<from supabase start>
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:54322/postgres

# .env.production (remote)
SUPABASE_URL=https://xxxxx.supabase.co
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<from dashboard>
DATABASE_URL=<connection pooler URL>

Connection Pooling

# Transaction mode (recommended for serverless)
# Add ?pgbouncer=true to URL
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://...@pooler.supabase.com:6543/postgres?pgbouncer=true

# Session mode (for migrations, long transactions)
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://...@pooler.supabase.com:5432/postgres

---

Edge Functions

Create Function

supabase functions new hello-world

Basic Structure

// supabase/functions/hello-world/index.ts
import { serve } from 'https://deno.land/std@0.168.0/http/server.ts';

serve(async (req) => {
  const { name } = await req.json();

  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ message: `Hello ${name}!` }),
    { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/