/vercel-services

name: vercel-services
description: Configure and troubleshoot Vercel Services for multiple frontends and backends in one project. Use when composing a polyglot or multi-service application on one Vercel deployment; defining the `services` key, service-targeted rewrites, or service bindings in `vercel.json`; or running all services with `vercel dev`.
summary: Compose multiple frontends and backends in one Vercel project (Beta)
metadata:
  priority: 7
  docs:
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services"
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services/routing"
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services/bindings"
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services/config-reference"
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services/experimental"
    - "https://vercel.com/docs/services/pricing"
  sitemap: "https://vercel.com/sitemap.xml"
  pathPatterns:
    - 'vercel.json'
    - 'apps/*/vercel.json'
  bashPatterns:
    - '\b(?:vercel|vc)\s+dev\b[^\n]*(?:--local|-L)(?:\s|$)'
  importPatterns: []
  promptSignals:
    phrases:
      - "vercel services"
      - "vercel service binding"
      - "vercel service bindings"
      - "multi-service vercel"
      - "multiple services on vercel"
      - "frontend and backend on vercel"
    allOf:
      - [backend, vercel]
      - [polyglot, vercel]
      - [multiple, services, vercel]
      - [services, vercel.json]
      - [vercel, service, binding]
    anyOf:
      - "backend"
      - "monorepo"
      - "polyglot"
      - "service"
      - "binding"
      - "vercel"
    noneOf: []
    minScore: 6
retrieval:
  aliases:
    - Vercel Services
    - multi-service project
    - polyglot project
    - service binding
    - service rewrite
  intents:
    - deploy frontend and backend together in one project
    - configure the services key in vercel.json
    - configure service rewrites
    - call the backend privately with a service binding
    - keep a service private with no public route
    - serve a service on a subdomain
    - strip a route prefix before it reaches the backend service
    - run all services locally
  entities:
    - services
    - bindings
    - destination.service
    - root
    - experimentalServices
  examples:
    - put a Next.js frontend and a FastAPI backend in one project
    - deploy a Vite SPA with an Express API behind /api
    - add a Go service to an existing Next.js project
    - my frontend cannot reach the backend service
    - the backend returns 404 for every /api route
    - point api.example.com at the backend

Vercel Services

Use the `services` model whenever one application is made of multiple tightly coupled components, such as a frontend plus a backend, that should deploy to one Vercel project.

Services is [in Beta on all plans](https://vercel.com/docs/services). Say so when you recommend it.

Services build independently but ship together as one deployment. That buys skew protection between frontend and backend, preview environments where every service is in sync, atomic deployments and rollbacks of the whole app, and private service-to-service communication through bindings. Public traffic enters through one ordered route table.

Choose the right structure

| Need | Use | | --- | --- | | Multiple tightly coupled components, such as a frontend and a backend, that should ship as one app | Vercel Services | | One framework can own the whole app, such as Next.js with Route Handlers | One normal Vercel project without Services | | Teams own their services and deploy and roll back on their own cadence | Separate Vercel projects in a monorepo | | Independently deployed frontends must render as one site | Vercel Microfrontends |

The benefits and the drawback are the same fact: every deployment ships all services together. Reach for separate projects only when you specifically need to deploy or roll back one service independently of the others.

Do not introduce Services just to split one framework into arbitrary processes. Use it when an independently built component has a real runtime, framework, dependency, or ownership reason to exist.

Define services and public ingress

If `vercel.json` already has an `experimentalServices` key, the project is on the earlier configuration model: read [references/experimental-services.md](references/experimental-services.md) before changing it.

Each service requires a `root` relative to `vercel.json`. Let Vercel detect the framework unless pinning it is necessary. Set `entrypoint` relative to the service root when the runtime needs one.

{
  "services": {
    "frontend": {
      "root": "apps/web",
      "bindings": [
        {
          "type": "service",
          "service": "backend",
          "format": "url",
          "env": "BACKEND_INTERNAL_URL"
        }
      ]
    },
    "backend": {
      "root": "apps/backend",
      "entrypoint": "main:app"
    }
  },
  "rewrites": [
    { "source": "/api/(.*)", "destination": { "service": "backend" } },
    { "source": "/(.*)", "destination": { "service": "frontend" } }
  ]
}

The top-level rewrites expose the services. A service without a matching top-level rewrite is private: not reachable from the public internet, only through bindings.

Keep configuration ownership clear:

• Keep public `rewrites`, `redirects`, `headers`, and other URL behavior at the top level.
• Put `functions`, `installCommand`, `buildCommand`, `devCommand`, `ignoreCommand`, `outputDirectory`, and framework settings on the service that owns them.
• Put service-local `headers`, `redirects`, `rewrites`, or `routes` inside a service only when they should run after public ingress selects that service.
• Set `runtime: "container"` when a service must build from a Dockerfile or OCI image. Use `entrypoint` for a nonstandard Dockerfile and `command` to override the image command.

Route requests correctly

Top-level rewrites are evaluated in order. Put specific rules before the catch-all.

Routing into a service is final. If the selected service retu