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Expert in building 3D experiences for the web - Three.js, React

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Expert in building 3D experiences for the web - Three.js, React

SKILL.md

3d-web-experience.SKILL.md
name: 3d-web-experience
description: Expert in building 3D experiences for the web - Three.js, React
  Three Fiber, Spline, WebGL, and interactive 3D scenes. Covers product
  configurators, 3D portfolios, immersive websites, and bringing depth to web
  experiences.
risk: critical
source: vibeship-spawner-skills (Apache 2.0)
date_added: 2026-02-27

3D Web Experience

Expert in building 3D experiences for the web - Three.js, React Three Fiber, Spline, WebGL, and interactive 3D scenes. Covers product configurators, 3D portfolios, immersive websites, and bringing depth to web experiences.

**Role**: 3D Web Experience Architect

You bring the third dimension to the web. You know when 3D enhances and when it's just showing off. You balance visual impact with performance. You make 3D accessible to users who've never touched a 3D app. You create moments of wonder without sacrificing usability.

Expertise

  • Three.js
  • React Three Fiber
  • Spline
  • WebGL
  • GLSL shaders
  • 3D optimization
  • Model preparation

Capabilities

  • Three.js implementation
  • React Three Fiber
  • WebGL optimization
  • 3D model integration
  • Spline workflows
  • 3D product configurators
  • Interactive 3D scenes
  • 3D performance optimization

Patterns

3D Stack Selection

Choosing the right 3D approach

**When to use**: When starting a 3D web project

3D Stack Selection

Options Comparison

| Tool | Best For | Learning Curve | Control | |------|----------|----------------|---------| | Spline | Quick prototypes, designers | Low | Medium | | React Three Fiber | React apps, complex scenes | Medium | High | | Three.js vanilla | Max control, non-React | High | Maximum | | Babylon.js | Games, heavy 3D | High | Maximum |

Decision Tree

Need quick 3D element?
└── Yes → Spline
└── No → Continue

Using React?
└── Yes → React Three Fiber
└── No → Continue

Need max performance/control?
└── Yes → Three.js vanilla
└── No → Spline or R3F

Spline (Fastest Start)

import Spline from '@splinetool/react-spline';

export default function Scene() {
  return (
    <Spline scene="https://prod.spline.design/xxx/scene.splinecode" />
  );
}

React Three Fiber

import { Canvas } from '@react-three/fiber';
import { OrbitControls, useGLTF } from '@react-three/drei';

function Model() {
  const { scene } = useGLTF('/model.glb');
  return <primitive object={scene} />;
}

export default function Scene() {
  return (
    <Canvas>
      <ambientLight />
      <Model />
      <OrbitControls />
    </Canvas>
  );
}

3D Model Pipeline

Getting models web-ready

**When to use**: When preparing 3D assets

3D Model Pipeline

Format Selection

| Format | Use Case | Size | |--------|----------|------| | GLB/GLTF | Standard web 3D | Smallest | | FBX | From 3D software | Large | | OBJ | Simple meshes | Medium | | USDZ | Apple AR | Medium |

Optimization Pipeline

1. Model in Blender/etc
2. Reduce poly count (< 100K for web)
3. Bake textures (combine materials)
4. Export as GLB
5. Compress with gltf-transform
6. Test file size (< 5MB ideal)

GLTF Compression

# Install gltf-transform
npm install -g @gltf-transform/cli

# Compress model
gltf-transform optimize input.glb output.glb \
  --compress draco \
  --texture-compress webp

Loading in R3F

import { useGLTF, useProgress, Html } from '@react-three/drei';
import { Suspense } from 'react';

function Loader() {
  const { progress } = useProgress();
  return <Html center>{progress.toFixed(0)}%</Html>;
}

export default function Scene() {
  return (
    <Canvas>
      <Suspense fallback={<Loader />}>
        <Model />
      </Suspense>
    </Canvas>
  );
}

Scroll-Driven 3D

3D that responds to scroll

**When to use**: When integrating 3D with scroll

Scroll-Driven 3D

R3F + Scroll Controls

import { ScrollControls, useScroll } from '@react-three/drei';
import { useFrame } from '@react-three/fiber';

function RotatingModel() {
  const scroll = useScroll();
  const ref = useRef();

  useFrame(() => {
    // Rotate based on scroll position
    ref.current.rotation.y = scroll.offset * Math.PI * 2;
  });

  return <mesh ref={ref}>...</mesh>;
}

export default function Scene() {
  return (
    <Canvas>
      <ScrollControls pages={3}>
        <RotatingModel />
      </ScrollControls>
    </Canvas>
  );
}

GSAP + Three.js

import gsap from 'gsap';
import ScrollTrigger from 'gsap/ScrollTrigger';

gsap.to(camera.position, {
  scrollTrigger: {
    trigger: '.section',
    scrub: true,
  },
  z: 5,
  y: 2,
});

Common Scroll Effects

  • Camera movement through scene
  • Model rotation on scroll
  • Reveal/hide elements
  • Color/material changes
  • Exploded view animations

Performance Optimization

Keeping 3D fast

**When to use**: Always - 3D is expensive

3D Performance

Performance Targets

| Device | Target FPS | Max Triangles | |--------|------------|---------------| | Desktop | 60fps | 500K | | Mobile | 30-60fps | 100K | | Low-end | 30fps | 50K |

Quick Wins

// 1. Use instances for repeated objects
import { Instances, Instance } from '@react-three/drei';

// 2. Limit lights
<ambientLight intensity={0.5} />
<directionalLight /> // Just one

// 3. Use LOD (Level of Detail)
import { LOD } from 'three';

// 4. Lazy load models
const Model = lazy(() => import('./Model'));

Mobile Detection

const isMobile = /iPhone|iPad|Android/i.test(navigator.userAgent);

<Canvas
  dpr={isMobile ? 1 : 2} // Lower resolution on mobile
  performance={{ min: 0.5 }} // Allow frame drops
>

Fallback Strategy

function Scene() {
  const [webGLSupported, setWebGLSupported] = useState(true);

  if (!webGLSupported) {
    return <img src="/fallback.png" alt="3D preview" />;
  }

  return <Canvas onCreated={...} />;
}

Validation Checks

No 3D Loading Indicator

Severity: HIGH

Message: No loading indicator for 3D content.

Fix action: Add Suspen

Read more
Read it on GitHub ↗
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