/vllm

name: serving-llms-vllm
description: Serves LLMs with high throughput using vLLM's PagedAttention and continuous batching. Use when deploying production LLM APIs, optimizing inference latency/throughput, or serving models with limited GPU memory. Supports OpenAI-compatible endpoints, quantization (GPTQ/AWQ/FP8), and tensor parallelism. Also covers llama.cpp and SGLang (guides in references/).
version: 1.0.0
author: Orchestra Research
license: MIT
tags: [vLLM, Inference Serving, PagedAttention, Continuous Batching, High Throughput, Production, OpenAI API, Quantization, Tensor Parallelism]
dependencies: [vllm, torch, transformers]

vLLM - High-Performance LLM Serving

Quick start

vLLM achieves 24x higher throughput than standard transformers through PagedAttention (block-based KV cache) and continuous batching (mixing prefill/decode requests).

**Installation**:

pip install vllm

**Basic offline inference**:

from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(model="meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct")
sampling = SamplingParams(temperature=0.7, max_tokens=256)

outputs = llm.generate(["Explain quantum computing"], sampling)
print(outputs[0].outputs[0].text)

**OpenAI-compatible server**:

vllm serve meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct

# Query with OpenAI SDK
python -c "
from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(base_url='http://localhost:8000/v1', api_key='EMPTY')
print(client.chat.completions.create(
    model='meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct',
    messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Hello!'}]
).choices[0].message.content)
"

Common workflows

Workflow 1: Production API deployment

Copy this checklist and track progress:

Deployment Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Configure server settings
- [ ] Step 2: Test with limited traffic
- [ ] Step 3: Enable monitoring
- [ ] Step 4: Deploy to production
- [ ] Step 5: Verify performance metrics

**Step 1: Configure server settings**

Choose configuration based on your model size:

# For 7B-13B models on single GPU
vllm serve meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --max-model-len 8192 \
  --port 8000

# For 30B-70B models with tensor parallelism
vllm serve meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-hf \
  --tensor-parallel-size 4 \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --quantization awq \
  --port 8000

# For production with caching and metrics
vllm serve meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --enable-prefix-caching \
  --enable-metrics \
  --metrics-port 9090 \
  --port 8000 \
  --host 0.0.0.0

**Step 2: Test with limited traffic**

Run load test before production:

# Install load testing tool
pip install locust

# Create test_load.py with sample requests
# Run: locust -f test_load.py --host http://localhost:8000

Verify TTFT (time to first token) < 500ms and throughput > 100 req/sec.

**Step 3: Enable monitoring**

vLLM exposes Prometheus metrics on port 9090:

curl http://localhost:9090/metrics | grep vllm

Key metrics to monitor:

• `vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds` - Latency
• `vllm:num_requests_running` - Active requests
• `vllm:gpu_cache_usage_perc` - KV cache utilization

**Step 4: Deploy to production**

Use Docker for consistent deployment:

# Run vLLM in Docker
docker run --gpus all -p 8000:8000 \
  vllm/vllm-openai:latest \
  --model meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --enable-prefix-caching

**Step 5: Verify performance metrics**

Check that deployment meets targets:

• TTFT < 500ms (for short prompts)
• Throughput > target req/sec
• GPU utilization > 80%
• No OOM errors in logs

Workflow 2: Offline batch inference

For processing large datasets without server overhead.

Copy this checklist:

Batch Processing:
- [ ] Step 1: Prepare input data
- [ ] Step 2: Configure LLM engine
- [ ] Step 3: Run batch inference
- [ ] Step 4: Process results

**Step 1: Prepare input data**

# Load prompts from file
prompts = []
with open("prompts.txt") as f:
    prompts = [line.strip() for line in f]

print(f"Loaded {len(prompts)} prompts")

**Step 2: Configure LLM engine**

from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(
    model="meta-llama/Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
    tensor_parallel_size=2,  # Use 2 GPUs
    gpu_memory_utilization=0.9,
    max_model_len=4096
)

sampling = SamplingParams(
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.95,
    max_tokens=512,
    stop=["</s>", "\n\n"]
)

**Step 3: Run batch inference**

vLLM automatically batches requests for efficiency:

# Process all prompts in one call
outputs = llm.generate(prompts, sampling)

# vLLM handles batching internally
# No need to manually chunk prompts

**Step 4: Process results**

# Extract generated text
results = []
for output in outputs:
    prompt = output.prompt
    generated = output.outputs[0].text
    results.append({
        "prompt": prompt,
        "generated": generated,
        "tokens": len(output.outputs[0].token_ids)
    })

# Save to file
import json
with open("results.jsonl", "w") as f:
    for result in results:
        f.write(json.dumps(result) + "\n")

print(f"Processed {len(results)} prompts")

Workflow 3: Quantized model serving

Fit large models in limited GPU memory.

Quantization Setup:
- [ ] Step 1: Choose quantization method
- [ ] Step 2: Find or create quantized model
- [ ] Step 3: Launch with quantization flag
- [ ] Step 4: Verify accuracy

**Step 1: Choose quantization method**

• **AWQ**: Best for 70B models, minimal accuracy loss
• **GPTQ**: Wide model support, good compression
• **FP8**: Fastest on H100 GPUs

**Step 2: Find or create quantized model**

Use pre-quantized models from HuggingFace:

# Search for AWQ models
# Example: TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-AWQ

**Step 3: Launch with quantization flag**

# Using pre-quantized model
vllm serve TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-AWQ \
  --quantization awq \
  --tensor-parallel-siz