/building-identity-governance-lifecycle-process

name: building-identity-governance-lifecycle-process
description: Design identity governance and lifecycle (IGA) programs on platforms like SailPoint, Saviynt, or Entra ID Governance, covering joiner-mover-leaver (JML) automation, role mining, access requests, periodic recertification, and orphaned-account remediation sourced from an HR feed. Use when automating cross-system JML provisioning, remediating former-employee access, or building lifecycle processes for SOX, HIPAA, or GDPR compliance.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: identity-access-management
tags:
- identity-governance
- lifecycle-management
- JML
- access-provisioning
- RBAC
- IGA
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_ai_rmf:
- GOVERN-1.1
- GOVERN-1.7
- MAP-1.1
nist_csf:
- PR.AA-01
- PR.AA-02
- PR.AA-05
- PR.AA-06
mitre_attack:
- T1098
- T1136
- T1078
- T1531
- T1087
mitre_f3:
  version: '1.1'
  tactics:
  - positioning
  - defense-impairment
  - initial-access
  techniques:
  - id: F1005
    name: Account Manipulation
    tactic: positioning
    source: f3
  - id: F1005.002
    name: 'Account Manipulation: Add Authorized User'
    tactic: positioning
    source: f3
  - id: F1033
    name: Insider Access Abuse
    tactic: initial-access
    source: f3
  - id: F1042
    name: Reactivate Account
    tactic: positioning
    source: f3
  - id: F1006
    name: Account Takeover
    tactic: initial-access
    source: f3

Building Identity Governance Lifecycle Process

When to Use

• Organization lacks automated joiner-mover-leaver (JML) processes for identity management
• Access provisioning is manual and takes days, creating productivity loss and security gaps
• Former employees retain access to systems after termination (orphaned accounts)
• Role explosion has created thousands of roles with unclear ownership and overlapping entitlements
• Compliance requirements mandate documented identity lifecycle processes (SOX, HIPAA, GDPR)
• No centralized visibility into who has access to what across the enterprise

**Do not use** for single-application user management; identity governance addresses cross-system lifecycle management requiring correlation of authoritative HR sources with downstream application provisioning.

Prerequisites

• Authoritative HR system (Workday, SAP SuccessFactors, BambooHR) as identity source of truth
• IGA platform (SailPoint, Saviynt, One Identity) or Microsoft Entra ID Governance
• Active Directory and/or Azure AD as primary directory services
• Application connectors for target systems requiring automated provisioning
• Defined organizational role structure and reporting hierarchy
• Stakeholder buy-in from HR, IT, security, and business unit managers

Workflow

Step 1: Define Identity Lifecycle States and Transitions

Map the identity lifecycle from hire to termination:

"""
Identity Lifecycle State Machine
Defines all identity states and valid transitions with automated actions.
"""

IDENTITY_LIFECYCLE = {
    "states": {
        "PRE_HIRE": {
            "description": "Identity created from HR feed before start date",
            "automated_actions": [
                "Create identity record in IGA platform",
                "Generate unique employee ID",
                "Create mailbox reservation",
                "Assign birthright roles based on job code",
                "Initiate background check workflow"
            ],
            "valid_transitions": ["ACTIVE", "CANCELLED"]
        },
        "ACTIVE": {
            "description": "Employee has started, full access provisioned",
            "automated_actions": [
                "Create Active Directory account",
                "Create email mailbox",
                "Provision birthright application access",
                "Assign department-specific roles",
                "Add to distribution groups",
                "Issue MFA token/security key",
                "Create VPN account if remote worker"
            ],
            "valid_transitions": ["ROLE_CHANGE", "LEAVE_OF_ABSENCE", "TERMINATED"]
        },
        "ROLE_CHANGE": {
            "description": "Employee transferred, promoted, or changed departments",
            "automated_actions": [
                "Recalculate role assignments based on new job code",
                "Remove access from previous department applications",
                "Provision access for new department applications",
                "Update group memberships",
                "Transfer manager in directory",
                "Trigger access review for retained entitlements",
                "Notify new manager of inherited access"
            ],
            "valid_transitions": ["ACTIVE", "LEAVE_OF_ABSENCE", "TERMINATED"]
        },
        "LEAVE_OF_ABSENCE": {
            "description": "Employee on extended leave (medical, parental, sabbatical)",
            "automated_actions": [
                "Disable interactive login (preserve account)",
                "Suspend VPN access",
                "Set out-of-office auto-reply",
                "Delegate mailbox to manager",
                "Preserve all role assignments for return",
                "Set reactivation date from HR feed"
            ],
            "valid_transitions": ["ACTIVE", "TERMINATED"]
        },
        "TERMINATED": {
            "description": "Employee has left the organization",
            "automated_actions": [
                "Disable AD account immediately",
                "Revoke all application access",
                "Revoke VPN and remote access",
                "Convert mailbox to shared (manager access for 90 days)",
                "Transfer OneDrive files to manager",
                "Remove from all security and distribution groups",
                "Revoke OAuth tokens and API keys",
                "Wipe corporate data from mobile devices",
                "Archive identity record",
                "Schedule account deletion after retention period"