/firebase-data-connect-basics

name: firebase-data-connect
description: Builds and deploys Firebase SQL Connect (aka Firebase Data Connect) backends with PostgreSQL securely. Use when designing schemas with tables and relations, writing authorized queries and mutations, configuring real-time data updates, or generating type-safe SDKs. Use when you need a relational database with Firebase, or when the user mentions SQL Connect or Data Connect.
metadata:
  category: Databases

Firebase SQL Connect

Firebase SQL Connect is a relational database service using Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with GraphQL schema, auto-generated queries/mutations, and type-safe SDKs.

> [!NOTE] **Product Rename**: Firebase Data Connect was renamed to **Firebase > SQL Connect**. All instructions, references, and examples in this skill > repository referring to "Data Connect" or "Firebase Data Connect" apply to > "SQL Connect" and "Firebase SQL Connect" as well.

Project Structure

dataconnect/
├── dataconnect.yaml      # Service configuration
├── seed_data.gql         # LOCAL ONLY — prototype/test data
├── schema/
│   └── schema.gql        # Data model (types with @table)
└── connector/
    ├── connector.yaml    # Connector config + SDK generation
    ├── queries.gql       # Queries
    └── mutations.gql     # Mutations

Key Tools for Validation

Rely on these two mechanisms to ensure project correctness:

1. **Review GraphQL Schema**: Both user-defined and generated extensions (in `.dataconnect/schema/main/`). 1. **Validate Operations**: Run `npx -y firebase-tools@latest dataconnect:compile` against the schema.

Operation Strategies: GraphQL vs. Native SQL

Always default to **Native GraphQL**. **Native SQL lacks type safety** and bypasses schema-enforced structures. Only use **Native SQL** when the user explicitly requests it or when the task requires advanced database features.

| Strategy | When to use | Implementation | | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Native GraphQL** (Default) | Almost all use cases. Standard CRUD, basic filtering/sorting, simple relational joins. Requires full type safety. | Auto-generated fields (`movie_insert`, `movies`). Strong typing and schema enforcement. | | **Native SQL** (Advanced) | PostgreSQL extensions (e.g., PostGIS), window functions (`RANK()`), complex aggregations, or highly tuned sub-queries. | Raw SQL string literals via `_select`, `_execute`, etc. Requires strict positional parameters (`$1`). No type safety. |

Development Workflow

Follow this strict workflow to build your application. You **must** read the linked reference files for each step to understand the syntax and available features.

1. Define Data Model (`schema/schema.gql`)

Define your GraphQL types, tables, and relationships (which map to a Postgres schema).

> **Read [reference/schema.md](reference/schema.md)** for: > > - `@table`, `@col`, `@default` > - Relationships (`@ref`, one-to-many, many-to-many) > - Data types (UUID, Vector, JSON, etc.)

2. Define Authorized Operations (`connector/queries.gql`, `connector/mutations.gql`)

Write the queries and mutations your client will use, including authorization logic. SQL Connect is secure by default.

> **Read [reference/operations.md](reference/operations.md)** for: > > - **Queries**: Filtering (`where`), Ordering (`orderBy`), Pagination > (`limit`/`offset`). > - **Mutations**: Create (`_insert`), Update (`_update`), Delete (`_delete`). > - **Upserts**: Use `_upsert` to "insert or update" records (CRITICAL for user > profiles). > - **Transactions**: Use `@transaction` for multi-step atomic operations. Use > `_expr: "response.<prevStep>"` to pass data between steps. > > **Read [reference/security.md](reference/security.md)** for authorization: > > - `@auth(level: ...)` for PUBLIC, USER, or NO_ACCESS. > - `@check` and `@redact` for row-level security and validation. > > **Read [reference/realtime.md](reference/realtime.md)** for real-time > subscriptions: > > - `@refresh` directive for time-based polling and event-driven updates. > - CEL conditions to scope refresh triggers precisely. > > **Read [reference/native_sql.md](reference/native_sql.md)** for Native SQL > operations: > > - Embedding raw SQL with `_select`, `_selectFirst`, `_execute` > - Strict rules for positional parameters (`$1`, `$2`), quoting, and CTEs > - Advanced PostgreSQL features (PostGIS, Window Functions)

3. Use type-safe SDK in your apps

Generate type-safe code for your client platform.

Configure SDK generation in `connector.yaml`:

connectorId: my-connector
generate:
  javascriptSdk:
    outputDir: "../web-app/src/lib/dataconnect"
    package: "@movie-app/dataconnect"
  kotlinSdk:
    outputDir: "../android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/dataconnect"
    package: "com.example.dataconnect"
  swiftSdk:
    outputDir: "../ios-app/DataConnect"

Generate SDKs:

npx -y firebase-tools@latest dataconnect:sdk:generate

For platform-specific instructions on how to use the generated SDKs, read:

• **Web (TypeScript)**: [reference/sdk_web.md](reference/sdk_web.md)
• **Android (Kotlin)**: [reference/sdk_android.md](reference/sdk_android.md)
• **iOS (Swift)**: [reference/sdk_ios.md](reference/sdk_ios.md)
• **Admin (Node.js)**:

[reference/sdk_admin_node.md](reference/sdk_admin_node.md)

• **Flutter (Dart)**: [reference/sdk_flutter.md](reference/sdk_flutter.md)

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Feature Capa